Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, in the south, have a humid continental long summer climate, with hot summers and cold winters. Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, in the north of the region, have a humid continental short summer climate, with cooler summers and long, cold winters. New England has one species of each, but numerous locations west of the Rocky Mountains host several species (Hall, 1981). Chipmunks and ground squirrels are exemplars of this situation. As a consequence of both the recent uninhabitability and the few sources of recolonization, species diversity for some taxa in parts of New England are lower than in similar areas in other parts of North America. This is in contrast to the multiple glacial refugia present throughout the American West (Stone and Cook, 2000). Recolonization of the area appears to have occurred from one or a few southern glacial refugia. The makeup and distribution of the mammals in New England are largely the result of the Last Glacial Maximum when the Laurentide Ice Sheet covered virtually the entire region. states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. If extirpated, coastal, introduced, and accidental species are included these numbers increase to 8 orders, 26 families, 67 genera, and 105 species. There are 7 orders, 17 families, 40 genera, and 60 species represented among the mammals of New England.